On Thu, Mar 09, 2023 at 12:33:20AM +0100, Stefano Brivio wrote:On Thu, 9 Mar 2023 09:02:57 +1100 David Gibson <david(a)gibson.dropbear.id.au> wrote:Yes, I know, but I'm saying I think that's kind of undesirable. The more prominent option should change both outbound and advertised address to match. Separately overriding the advertised address should be the special case.On Wed, Mar 08, 2023 at 08:34:49AM +0100, Stefano Brivio wrote:Oops, right.I didn't notice earlier: libslirp (and slirp4netns) supports binding outbound sockets to specific IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, to force the source addresse selection. If we want to claim feature parity, we should implement that as well. Further, Podman supports specifying outbound interfaces as well, but this is simply done by resolving the primary address for an interface when the network back-end is started. However, since kernel version 5.7, commit c427bfec18f2 ("net: core: enable SO_BINDTODEVICE for non-root users"), we can actually bind to a specific interface name, which doesn't need to be validated in advance. Implement -o / --outbound ADDR to bind to IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, and --outbound-ip4 and --outbound-ip6 to bind IPv4 and IPv6 sockets to given interfaces.You have 'outbound-ip' here but 'outbound-if' in the code, I think you intended the latter.Sure, that's a goal, but users might want to do NAT for whatever reason, even just for slirp4netns compatibility (which we should *really* support to play along nicely with Podman). At the moment, it's already enough to pass '-a 10.200.0.2' and the outbound address will be (in general) different from what we advertise.For ICMP and UDP, we call sock_l4() to open outbound sockets, as we already needed to bind to given ports or echo identifiers, and we can bind() a socket only once: there, pass address (if any) and interface (if any) for the existing bind() and setsockopt() calls. For TCP, in general, we wouldn't otherwise bind sockets. Add a specific helper to do that. For UDP outbound sockets, we need to know if the final destination of the socket is a loopback address, before we decide whether it makes sense to bind the socket at all: move the block mangling the address destination before the creation of the socket in the IPv4 path. This was already the case for the IPv6 path. Signed-off-by: Stefano Brivio <sbrivio(a)redhat.com> --- conf.c | 78 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++---- icmp.c | 24 +++++++++++++++--- passt.1 | 19 ++++++++++++++ passt.h | 10 ++++++++ tcp.c | 60 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ udp.c | 54 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++------------- 6 files changed, 219 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/conf.c b/conf.c index 3aa3314..15506ec 100644 --- a/conf.c +++ b/conf.c @@ -776,6 +776,13 @@ static void usage(const char *name) info( " default: gateway from interface with default route"); info( " -i, --interface NAME Interface for addresses and routes"); info( " default: interface with first default route");So, I think the outbound IP and the IP we advertise to the guest should be the same. Certainly by default, and I'm not sure I can even think of any case where it would be useful for them to be different. That fits with the "only NAT when we really have to" goal.Well under this proposal -a would obviously only work for host addresses, but the --dhcp-address or --guest-address or whatever would allow anything.So, could we just add say, --if4 and --if6 instead of having explicit --outbound-* options? -i X would be equivalent to "--if4 X --if6 X".Well, but this would effectively disable any possibility to do NAT: if you want to assign a different address, it needs to be available on the host too.+ info( " -o, --outbound ADDR Bind to address as outbound source"); + info( " can be specified zero to two times (for IPv4 and IPv6)"); + info( " default: use source address from routing tables");On the same reasoning, can we merge this option with '-a' setting both outbound and assigned address by default?Even if we want to allow setting these differently for some strange cases, I think the more obvious primary "address" and "interface" options should set the outbound address/interface. The DHCP advertised address should match that unless we use some more obscure option to override it.What do you do if that address is not available on the host, though?Also mind that this option (which I'd like to add mostly for slirp4netns feature parity) seems to have been introduced in libslirp to enable the selection of a particular address on an interface with multiple addresses -- so --if4/--if6 wouldn't be enough for that.Yes, I'm saying you'd use -a for that. -if4 or --if6 would only be useful where you want to bind to interface rather than address.We could have -a selecting the outbound address, but then users can't do NAT with it.Not *only* with that, but they can if they also set guest address to override. Actually.. that's a point, my whole thing here is to only do NAT if you really want it, so maybe the option should explicitly mention NAT.We could skip the --outbound-if4 and --outbound-if6 parts, but they have the advantage (over bind()) that the interface doesn't actually need to exist when we start.I'm not proposing changing that, I still think we should have an option to set the outbound interface. It's just treating that as "the interface", the idea of template interface goes away, replaced by an explicit override for guest DHCP address.There's also the advantage that the user doesn't need to fetch a given address (which might even change later) if all they want is controlling the outbound path, without affecting the source address.Not sure what you're getting at here.Those options (--outbound-if4 and --outbound-if6) have no equivalent in libslirp, and Podman approximates them by picking an address from the given interface just before slirp4netns starts, so strictly speaking this is not needed for slirp4netns compatibility, but I thought it's a more "correct" way to implement that.No argument on that point - it's really just a matter of naming I'm talking about here.I'm not seeing how. Normal mode: -a sets both the outbound and guest address --if4 and --if6 set the outbound interface. If there's no -a, both outbound and guest address are derived from this as well. NAT mode: Same as above, but guest address can separately be set to anything you want.In fact... thinking further on that, I'm not convinced there's any real use for a "template" interface. Normally it should match the outbound interface - and if you want it different, I don't think it really buys anything over explicitly overriding the DHCP advertised address etc.Normally, yes, but if you want it different, what you propose also imposes some serious limitations.Maybe occasionally, but not in the normal case. So, I'm saying the existing option should set *both*.But from passt/pasta's perspective, "the address" is already what's expected to be used by the guest/container. We use that all over the place, and I think it might really need to be different from an address we "externally" bind to.+ info( " --outbound-if4 NAME Bind to outbound interface for IPv4"); + info( " default: use interface from default route"); + info( " --outbound-if6 NAME Bind to outbound interface for IPv6"); + info( " default: use interface from default route"); info( " -D, --dns ADDR Use IPv4 or IPv6 address as DNS"); info( " can be specified multiple times"); info( " a single, empty option disables DNS information"); @@ -900,7 +907,7 @@ pasta_opts: */ static void conf_print(const struct ctx *c) { - char buf4[INET_ADDRSTRLEN], ifn[IFNAMSIZ]; + char buf4[INET_ADDRSTRLEN], buf6[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN], ifn[IFNAMSIZ]; int i; info("Template interface: %s%s%s%s%s", @@ -910,6 +917,26 @@ static void conf_print(const struct ctx *c) c->ifi6 ? if_indextoname(c->ifi6, ifn) : "", c->ifi6 ? " (IPv6)" : ""); + if (*c->ip4.ifname_out || *c->ip6.ifname_out) { + info("Outbound interface: %s%s%s%s%s", + *c->ip4.ifname_out ? c->ip4.ifname_out : "", + *c->ip4.ifname_out ? " (IPv4)" : "", + (*c->ip4.ifname_out && *c->ip6.ifname_out) ? ", " : "", + *c->ip6.ifname_out ? c->ip6.ifname_out : "", + *c->ip6.ifname_out ? " (IPv6)" : ""); + } + + if (!IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out) || + !IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out)) { + info("Outbound address: %s%s%s", + IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out) ? "" : + inet_ntop(AF_INET, &c->ip4.addr_out, buf4, sizeof(buf4)), + (!IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out)) ? ", " : "", + IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out) ? "" : + inet_ntop(AF_INET6, &c->ip6.addr_out, buf6, sizeof(buf6))); + } + if (c->mode == MODE_PASTA) info("Namespace interface: %s", c->pasta_ifn); @@ -948,8 +975,6 @@ static void conf_print(const struct ctx *c) } if (c->ifi6) { - char buf6[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN]; - if (!c->no_ndp && !c->no_dhcpv6) info("NDP/DHCPv6:"); else if (!c->no_ndp) @@ -1125,6 +1150,7 @@ void conf(struct ctx *c, int argc, char **argv) {"mac-addr", required_argument, NULL, 'M' }, {"gateway", required_argument, NULL, 'g' }, {"interface", required_argument, NULL, 'i' }, + {"outbound", required_argument, NULL, 'o' }, {"dns", required_argument, NULL, 'D' }, {"search", required_argument, NULL, 'S' }, {"no-tcp", no_argument, &c->no_tcp, 1 }, @@ -1157,6 +1183,8 @@ void conf(struct ctx *c, int argc, char **argv) {"runas", required_argument, NULL, 12 }, {"log-size", required_argument, NULL, 13 }, {"version", no_argument, NULL, 14 }, + {"outbound-if4", required_argument, NULL, 15 }, + {"outbound-if6", required_argument, NULL, 16 }, { 0 }, }; struct get_bound_ports_ns_arg ns_ports_arg = { .c = c }; @@ -1175,9 +1203,9 @@ void conf(struct ctx *c, int argc, char **argv) if (c->mode == MODE_PASTA) { c->no_dhcp_dns = c->no_dhcp_dns_search = 1; - optstring = "dqfel:hF:I:p:P:m:a:n:M:g:i:D:S:46t:u:T:U:"; + optstring = "dqfel:hF:I:p:P:m:a:n:M:g:i:o:D:S:46t:u:T:U:"; } else { - optstring = "dqfel:hs:F:p:P:m:a:n:M:g:i:D:S:461t:u:"; + optstring = "dqfel:hs:F:p:P:m:a:n:M:g:i:o:D:S:461t:u:"; } c->tcp.fwd_in.mode = c->tcp.fwd_out.mode = 0; @@ -1295,6 +1323,26 @@ void conf(struct ctx *c, int argc, char **argv) c->mode == MODE_PASST ? "passt " : "pasta "); fprintf(stdout, VERSION_BLOB); exit(EXIT_SUCCESS); + case 15: + if (*c->ip4.ifname_out) + die("Redundant outbound interface: %s", optarg); + + ret = snprintf(c->ip4.ifname_out, + sizeof(c->ip4.ifname_out), "%s", optarg); + if (ret <= 0 || ret >= (int)sizeof(c->ip4.ifname_out)) + die("Invalid interface name: %s", optarg); + + break; + case 16: + if (*c->ip6.ifname_out) + die("Redundant outbound interface: %s", optarg); + + ret = snprintf(c->ip6.ifname_out, + sizeof(c->ip6.ifname_out), "%s", optarg); + if (ret <= 0 || ret >= (int)sizeof(c->ip6.ifname_out)) + die("Invalid interface name: %s", optarg); + + break; case 'd': if (c->debug) die("Multiple --debug options given"); @@ -1466,6 +1514,26 @@ void conf(struct ctx *c, int argc, char **argv) die("Invalid interface name %s: %s", optarg, strerror(errno)); break; + case 'o': + if (IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out) && + inet_pton(AF_INET6, optarg, &c->ip6.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&c->ip6.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_V4MAPPED(&c->ip6.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_V4COMPAT(&c->ip6.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&c->ip6.addr_out)) + break; + + if (IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out) && + inet_pton(AF_INET, optarg, &c->ip4.addr_out) && + !IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out) && + !IN4_IS_ADDR_BROADCAST(&c->ip4.addr_out) && + !IN4_IS_ADDR_MULTICAST(&c->ip4.addr_out)) + break; + + die("Invalid or redundant outbound address: %s", + optarg); + break;I haven't really looked at any of the conf stuff above, since it will change if we alter the option semantics as I've suggested.case 'D': if (!strcmp(optarg, "none")) { if (c->no_dns) diff --git a/icmp.c b/icmp.c index b842fa8..ddf83f8 100644 --- a/icmp.c +++ b/icmp.c @@ -170,8 +170,16 @@ int icmp_tap_handler(const struct ctx *c, int af, const void *addr, iref.icmp.id = id = ntohs(ih->un.echo.id); if ((s = icmp_id_map[V4][id].sock) <= 0) { - s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET, IPPROTO_ICMP, NULL, NULL, id, - iref.u32); + const struct in_addr *bind_addr = NULL; + const char *bind_if; + + bind_if = *c->ip4.ifname_out ? c->ip4.ifname_out : NULL; + + if (!IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out)) + bind_addr = &c->ip4.addr_out; + + s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET, IPPROTO_ICMP, bind_addr, + bind_if, id, iref.u32);LGTM, modulo field names - again I think we should position "outbound address" as simply "the address", with "DHCP advertised address" as the special case override.I really wouldn't like to see users coming up with netfilter-based hacks to support this. :/Heh.Interesting typo. :)if (s < 0) goto fail_sock; if (s > SOCKET_MAX) { @@ -216,8 +224,16 @@ int icmp_tap_handler(const struct ctx *c, int af, const void *addr, iref.icmp.id = id = ntohs(ih->icmp6_identifier); if ((s = icmp_id_map[V6][id].sock) <= 0) { - s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET6, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, NULL, NULL, id, - iref.u32); + const struct in6_addr *bind_addr = NULL; + const char *bind_if; + + bind_if = *c->ip6.ifname_out ? c->ip6.ifname_out : NULL; + + if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out)) + bind_addr = &c->ip6.addr_out; + + s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET6, IPPROTO_ICMPV6, bind_addr, + bind_if, id, iref.u32);Gitto.You mean that the link-local address the guest is sending to matches the interface we're bound to? No I don't think we can check that as such either. But the guest presumably got the idea it can use that address from somewhere. If we're bound to a specific outbound interface I think we should not allow link-local traffic from any other interface to reach the guest. If the guest just makes up a bogus link-local address, that's kind of its problem.If an outbound connection uses a link-local address, we use c->ifi6 as sin6_scope_id (see tcp_conn_from_tap()) -- we need one and it's a reasonable assumption to use that as that's where we source the first hop/default gateway from. But with SO_BINDTODEVICE the kernel resolves the interface name, which avoids 1. a netlink exchange on every new connection and 2. the need for the interface to be present at any given time. So I'm not sure we can actually check that they match in a safe way -- and if there's any advantage in doing so.if (s < 0) goto fail_sock; if (s > SOCKET_MAX) { diff --git a/passt.1 b/passt.1 index f317c33..5c97f30 100644 --- a/passt.1 +++ b/passt.1 @@ -183,6 +183,25 @@ Use host interface \fIname\fR to derive addresses and routes. Default is to use the interfaces with the first default routes for each IP version. +.TP +.BR \-o ", " \-\-outbound " " \fIaddr +Use an IPv4 \fIaddr\fR as source address for IPv4 outbound TCP connections, UDP +flows, ICMP requests, or an IPv6 \fIaddr\fR for IPv6 ones, by binding outbound +sockets to it. +This option can be specified zero (for defaults) to two times (once for IPv4, +once for IPv6). +By default, the source address is selected by the routing tables. + +.TP +.BR \-\-outbound-if4 " " \fIname +Bind IPv4 outbound sockets to host interface \fIname\fR. +By default, the interface given by the default route is selected. + +.TP +.BR \-\-outbound-if6 " " \fIname +Bind IPv6 outbound sockets to host interface \fIname\fR. +By default, the interface given by the default route is selected. + .TP .BR \-D ", " \-\-dns " " \fIaddr Use \fIaddr\fR (IPv4 or IPv6) for DHCP, DHCPv6, NDP or DNS forwarding, as diff --git a/passt.h b/passt.h index cc60c84..b73f4ff 100644 --- a/passt.h +++ b/passt.h @@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ enum passt_modes { * @dns: DNS addresses for DHCP, zero-terminated, network order * @dns_match: Forward DNS query if sent to this address, network order * @dns_host: Use this DNS on the host for forwarding, network order + * @addr_out: Optional source address for outbound traffic + * @ifname_out: Optional interface name to bind outbound sockets to */ struct ip4_ctx { struct in_addr addr; @@ -115,6 +117,9 @@ struct ip4_ctx { struct in_addr dns[MAXNS + 1]; struct in_addr dns_match; struct in_addr dns_host; + + struct in_addr addr_out; + char ifname_out[IFNAMSIZ];Again, I think we should just use ip4_ctx::addr as the outbound address, with an additional "dhcp_addr" if we must.}; /** @@ -127,6 +132,8 @@ struct ip4_ctx { * @dns: DNS addresses for DHCPv6 and NDP, zero-terminated * @dns_match: Forward DNS query if sent to this address * @dns_host: Use this DNS on the host for forwarding + * @addr_out: Optional source address for outbound traffic + * @ifname_out: Optional interface name to bind outbound sockets to */ struct ip6_ctx { struct in6_addr addr; @@ -137,6 +144,9 @@ struct ip6_ctx { struct in6_addr dns[MAXNS + 1]; struct in6_addr dns_match; struct in6_addr dns_host; + + struct in6_addr addr_out; + char ifname_out[IFNAMSIZ];Ditto.}; #include <netinet/if_ether.h> diff --git a/tcp.c b/tcp.c index b674311..8e8d653 100644 --- a/tcp.c +++ b/tcp.c @@ -1946,6 +1946,61 @@ static uint16_t tcp_conn_tap_mss(const struct ctx *c, return MIN(mss, USHRT_MAX); } +/** + * tcp_bind_outbound() - Bind socket to outbound address and interface if given + * @c: Execution context + * @s: Outbound TCP socket + * @af: Address family + */ +static void tcp_bind_outbound(const struct ctx *c, int s, sa_family_t af) +{ + if (af == AF_INET) { + if (!IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out)) { + struct sockaddr_in addr4 = { + .sin_family = AF_INET, + .sin_port = 0, + .sin_addr = c->ip4.addr_out, + }; + + if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&addr4, sizeof(addr4))) { + debug("Can't bind IPv4 TCP socket address: %s", + strerror(errno)); + } + } + + if (*c->ip4.ifname_out) { + if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, + c->ip4.ifname_out, + strlen(c->ip4.ifname_out))) { + debug("Can't bind IPv4 TCP socket to interface:" + " %s", strerror(errno)); + } + } + } else if (af == AF_INET6) { + if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out)) { + struct sockaddr_in6 addr6 = { + .sin6_family = AF_INET6, + .sin6_port = 0, + .sin6_addr = c->ip6.addr_out, + }; + + if (bind(s, (struct sockaddr *)&addr6, sizeof(addr6))) { + debug("Can't bind IPv6 TCP socket address: %s", + strerror(errno)); + } + } + + if (*c->ip6.ifname_out) { + if (setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BINDTODEVICE, + c->ip6.ifname_out, + strlen(c->ip6.ifname_out))) { + debug("Can't bind IPv6 TCP socket to interface:" + " %s", strerror(errno)); + } + } + } +} + /** * tcp_conn_from_tap() - Handle connection request (SYN segment) from tap * @c: Execution context @@ -2052,6 +2107,11 @@ static void tcp_conn_from_tap(struct ctx *c, int af, const void *addr, if (errno != EADDRNOTAVAIL && errno != EACCES) conn_flag(c, conn, LOCAL); + if ((af == AF_INET && !IN4_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&addr4.sin_addr)) || + (af == AF_INET6 && !IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&addr6.sin6_addr) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&addr6.sin6_addr))) + tcp_bind_outbound(c, s, af);If we have an IPv6 link-local, shouldn't we still do the SO_BINDTODEVICE, even though we don't want the bind()?I tend to see the link-local case as completely separate from any "outbound" consideration, because that's where we make the guest/container think they're actually talking to a gateway, not to the "outside world".Uh.. maybe. We kind of need to choose, is the link-local scope covering just the passt<->guest link, or does the guest have a view to (one of) the host's link-local scope. At the moment, I'm not sure we're really consistent about how we treat this.-- David Gibson | I'll have my music baroque, and my code david AT gibson.dropbear.id.au | minimalist, thank you. NOT _the_ _other_ | _way_ _around_! http://www.ozlabs.org/~dgibsonI also wonder if we should allow setting our outbound link-local IPv6 address, since AIUI there could be multiple on the host. e.g. allow -a to be given three times: one for IPv4, one for IPv6 global and one for IPv6 link-local.Hmm, yes, I guess we should at some point.Okay, at least this is fixed. :)if (connect(s, sa, sl)) { if (errno != EINPROGRESS) { tcp_rst(c, conn); diff --git a/udp.c b/udp.c index b7cbfdc..99cfc9f 100644 --- a/udp.c +++ b/udp.c @@ -843,20 +843,6 @@ int udp_tap_handler(struct ctx *c, int af, const void *addr, sa = (struct sockaddr *)&s_in; sl = sizeof(s_in); - if (!(s = udp_tap_map[V4][src].sock)) { - union udp_epoll_ref uref = { .udp.port = src }; - - s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET, IPPROTO_UDP, NULL, NULL, src, - uref.u32); - if (s < 0) - return p->count; - - udp_tap_map[V4][src].sock = s; - bitmap_set(udp_act[V4][UDP_ACT_TAP], src); - } - - udp_tap_map[V4][src].ts = now->tv_sec; - if (IN4_ARE_ADDR_EQUAL(&s_in.sin_addr, &c->ip4.dns_match) && ntohs(s_in.sin_port) == 53) { s_in.sin_addr = c->ip4.dns_host; @@ -868,13 +854,37 @@ int udp_tap_handler(struct ctx *c, int af, const void *addr, else s_in.sin_addr = c->ip4.addr_seen; } + + if (!(s = udp_tap_map[V4][src].sock)) { + union udp_epoll_ref uref = { .udp.port = src }; + in_addr_t bind_addr = { 0 }; + const char *bind_if = NULL; + + if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&s_in.sin_addr) && + *c->ip6.ifname_out) + bind_if = c->ip6.ifname_out; + + if (!IN4_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip4.addr_out) && + !IN4_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&s_in.sin_addr)) + bind_addr = c->ip4.addr_out.s_addr; + + s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET, IPPROTO_UDP, &bind_addr, + bind_if, src, uref.u32); + if (s < 0) + return p->count; + + udp_tap_map[V4][src].sock = s; + bitmap_set(udp_act[V4][UDP_ACT_TAP], src); + } + + udp_tap_map[V4][src].ts = now->tv_sec; } else { s_in6 = (struct sockaddr_in6) { .sin6_family = AF_INET6, .sin6_port = uh->dest, .sin6_addr = *(struct in6_addr *)addr, }; - const void *bind_addr = &in6addr_any; + const struct in6_addr *bind_addr = &in6addr_any; sa = (struct sockaddr *)&s_in6; sl = sizeof(s_in6); @@ -898,9 +908,19 @@ int udp_tap_handler(struct ctx *c, int af, const void *addr, if (!(s = udp_tap_map[V6][src].sock)) { union udp_epoll_ref uref = { .udp.v6 = 1, .udp.port = src }; + const char *bind_if = NULL; + + if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&s_in6.sin6_addr) && + *c->ip6.ifname_out) + bind_if = c->ip6.ifname_out; + + if (!IN6_IS_ADDR_UNSPECIFIED(&c->ip6.addr_out) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_LOOPBACK(&s_in6.sin6_addr) && + !IN6_IS_ADDR_LINKLOCAL(&s_in6.sin6_addr)) + bind_addr = &c->ip6.addr_out; - s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET6, IPPROTO_UDP, bind_addr, NULL, - src, uref.u32); + s = sock_l4(c, AF_INET6, IPPROTO_UDP, &bind_addr,bind_addr is already a pointer, I don't think you want the '&' here.> + bind_if, src, uref.u32); > if (s < 0) > return p->count; >